Which of the following describes the adult bee stage in relation to Nosema?

The adult bee stage is significantly affected by Nosema, a microsporidian pathogen that infects the digestive tracts of bees. Infected adult bees often experience reduced longevity, impaired foraging ability, and overall decreased health, which can lead to colony decline. The impact is pronounced due to their role in sustaining the hive; adult bees are responsible for foraging, brood care, and other vital tasks. The stress induced by Nosema can lead to decreased population growth and increased mortality rates, particularly in foraging bees who encounter multiple stressors in their environment.

While it's true that other life stages may also be affected by Nosema, adult bees exhibit the most severe consequences due to their exposure and the responsibilities they maintain within the hive. For instance, juvenile bees may have some developmental advantages that can mitigate immediate impacts, whereas adult bees already face the stress of their roles, making them more vulnerable to the debilitating effects of the infection.

The other options suggest scenarios that do not accurately represent the effects of Nosema on adult bees. Claims of being unaffected, more resilient, or experiencing no visible symptoms do not align with the well-documented impacts of Nosema on adult bee health and productivity.